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Characins
/ Characidae / Four-eyes
Four-eyes, Four-eyed Fish
Anableps anableps | Pictures
Synonyms: Anableps
anonymus, A. gronovii, A. lineatus, A. surinamensis, A. tetrophthalmus, Cobitis anableps
Physical description: The body is long and cylindrical, while the head is flat with protruding eyes.
The
back is flat and the dorsal fin is small and set far back on the back.
The thick pectoral fins are paddle-shaped.
The
back is olive to gray and the flanks are gray-yellow to white with a violet to white iridescence under some lights.
The
eye is separated into two separate parts by a narrow bridge of tissue.
Size/Length: To 12" (30 cm)
Similar species: A.
dowi, A. microlepis
Habitat: Brackish water tidal river estuaries in Central and South America; on the Atlantic
Coast from Southern Mexico to Columbia
S: top
Aquarium: A tank measuring 48" (122 cm) with a capacity of 50-70 gallons (190-266 L) is
sufficient.
The tank must only have a depth of 8-12" (20-30 cm) and should have a large surface area.
The
tank should have a beach, or some partly emerged stones or wood, as this species likes to leave the water.
Have
a tight-fitting cover.
Use a good filtration system for this species produces a lot of waste.
Water chemistry: pH 7-8.5 (7.5), 8-25 dH (14), 75-81°F (24-27°C).
The water should have a 2.5-3% addition
of salt.
This can be accomplished by adding 19-23 TSP. of salt/10 gallons (25-30 g/10 L)
Social behavior: A large, schooling fish that is best kept in groups of 6-10 fish.
This species, due to its different tank
set-up, is limited to a specific community tank.
Small fish may be consumed.
Suggested companions: Archerfish, Mudskippers, Scats,
Arius, Monos
FOOD: Live; fish, earthworms,
Tubifex, flying insects, insect larvae,
crustaceans; pellets; flakes.
Foods are taken off the surface and rarely off the bottom.
SEX: Males have a gonopodium.
Breeding techniques:
In a large tank with favorable conditions, breeding is likely.
Fish are mature at about 8 months, when
the fish measure 6-8" (15-20 cm).
After a gestation period of eight weeks, the 2-2.8" (5-7 cm) fry
are born.
These rarely number more than 15, and stillborns are likely.
The fry should be removed and placed
in a tank of their own with a water level of 4-6" (10-15 cm).
Start feeding with
Artemia, insect larvae, and
Drosophila.
The
young grow quickly.
Breeding potential: 6.
A fairly easily bred fish, under favorable conditions.
The main trouble arises with the general
maintenance of this species.
Remarks: The upper parts of the eye which are usually emerged above the water, allow the Four-eyes
to spot predators lurking above the water.
Four-eyes are strong jumpers.
The gonopodium of males is twisted either
to the right or left as is the genital opening of the female.
Thus right-sided males can only mate with left-sided
females, and vice versa.
Difficulty of care: 6.
A large species with special tank requirements.
This species requires a diet that includes
live foods.
Frequent partial water changes are a must for this messy species that produces copious amounts of
waste.
Recent articles about fish
Overfishing may hurt Amazon forest trees
(2/5/2008) Overfishing is reducing the effectiveness of seed dispersal by fish in the Brazilian Pantanal, reports Nature. The research suggests that fishing practices can affect forest health.
Scientists find fish that literally lives in trees
(10/17/2007) Scientists have found a fish that literally lives in trees, according to research published in The American Naturalist and highlighted in New Scientist Magazine.
Piranhas originated when Amazon was flooded by seawater
(12/4/2007) South America's piranha family of fish -- notorious as eaters of flesh -- can be traced back to a single ancestor which dispersed when the Amazon was flooded by seawater some five million years ago, report researchers from the Institut de Recherche Pour le Developpement (IRD). Today piranhas are exclusively freshwater fish found from the Orinoco River basin in Venezuela to the Parana in Argentina.
How to save the world's oceans from overfishing
(7/8/2007) Global fishing stocks are in trouble. After expanding from 18 millions tons in 1950 to around 94 million tons in 2000, annual world fish catch has leveled off and may even be declining. Scientists estimate that the number of large predatory fish in the oceans has fallen by 90 percent since the 1950s, while about one-quarter of the world's fisheries are overexploited, depleted, or recovering from depletion. Despite these dire trends, the situation is changing. Today some of the world's largest environmental groups are focused on addressing the health of marine life and oceans, while sustainable fisheries management is at the top of the agenda for intergovenmental bodies. At the forefront of these efforts is Mike Sutton, director of the Monterey Bay Aquarium's conservation program: the Center for the Future of the Oceans. The aquarium, which has long been recognized as one of the world's most important marine research facilities, is pioneering new strategies for protecting the planet's oceans. Sutton says the approach has four parts: establishing new marine protected areas, pushing for ocean policy reform, promoting sustainable seafood, and protecting wildlife and marine ecosystems.
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