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Others
/ Osteoglossidae / African Arowana
African Arowana, African Bony-tounge
Heterotis niloticus | Pictures
Synonyms: Clupisudis
niloticus, Sudis niloticus
Physical description: An elongated, laterally compressed species with a somewhat level back profile.
The
anal and dorsal fins run along the last one-third of the body.
There is a cleft between these fins and the caudal
fin. The
scales are large and the head is covered with bony plates.
The general coloration is a light olive to silver
gray, often with a silver iridescence.
The head is small, while the eye is large.
Size/Length: To 36" (90 cm)
Similar species: None
Habitat: Western and central Africa.
S: top
Aquarium: A tank measuring 48" (122 cm) with a capacity from 50-70 gallons (190-266 L) is only
sufficient for smaller individuals, under 16" (41 cm) in length.
Larger specimen require a tank measuring at least
60" (152 cm) with a capacity exceeding 90 gallons (342 L).
The tank should be well-covered.
Use
a layer of floating plants to diffuse the lighting.
Leave large open swimming areas and use large plants in the background.
The
tank should be arranged in dark colors.
Water chemistry: pH 6.7-7.5 (7.0), 4-12 dH (9), 75-86°F (24-30°C)
Social behavior:
This species is combative towards its own species and should be kept singly.
Otherwise
this species is relatively unaggressive towards fish that it can not swallow.
Small fish may be consumed by this predatory
species.
Suggested companions: Larger Mormyrids,
Haplochromis and related cichlids,
Xenomystus, Synodontis, Hemichromis, Cichlasoma,
Astronotus, Anostomus, Leporinus, Pacus, Silver Dollars, Pimelodids,
Loricarids, Knifefish.
FOOD: A plankton and filter feeder by nature that usually accepts live worms, fish, insects,
and shrimps in captivity.
Acclimated specimen may accept pellets.
Sexual differences: Difficult to distinguish.
Breeding techniques: Breeding has been unsuccessful in captivity because of this fish's size.
Spawning
has been observed in nature.
A large, circular nest is built from plants and mud in a shallow pool.
It is built at the beginning of the
spawning season by both parents, and its construction takes four to eight days.
The sides of the nest reach up to 10"
(25 cm) out of the water.
The female enters and lays her amber-colored eggs along the inner walls of the nest.
She
exits and then the male jumps over the embankment, where he fertilizes the eggs.
The female participates in brood care,
guarding both the eggs and the fry.
The fry are said to feed upon plankton.
Breeding potential: 10.
Not possible in aquaria.
Remarks: These fish are only suitable as a juvenile for most private aquariums.
This species is easily spooked, and
may panic and throw itself against the tank glass.
H. niloticus
is a filter feeder which obtains nutrients in nature by filtering plankton and other micro-organisms
through its gills.
Difficulty of care: 7.
Besides reaching a large size, some report that the African Arowana is troublesome to feed.
This
species is generally hardy once acclimated.
Recent articles about fish
Overfishing may hurt Amazon forest trees
(2/5/2008) Overfishing is reducing the effectiveness of seed dispersal by fish in the Brazilian Pantanal, reports Nature. The research suggests that fishing practices can affect forest health.
Scientists find fish that literally lives in trees
(10/17/2007) Scientists have found a fish that literally lives in trees, according to research published in The American Naturalist and highlighted in New Scientist Magazine.
Piranhas originated when Amazon was flooded by seawater
(12/4/2007) South America's piranha family of fish -- notorious as eaters of flesh -- can be traced back to a single ancestor which dispersed when the Amazon was flooded by seawater some five million years ago, report researchers from the Institut de Recherche Pour le Developpement (IRD). Today piranhas are exclusively freshwater fish found from the Orinoco River basin in Venezuela to the Parana in Argentina.
How to save the world's oceans from overfishing
(7/8/2007) Global fishing stocks are in trouble. After expanding from 18 millions tons in 1950 to around 94 million tons in 2000, annual world fish catch has leveled off and may even be declining. Scientists estimate that the number of large predatory fish in the oceans has fallen by 90 percent since the 1950s, while about one-quarter of the world's fisheries are overexploited, depleted, or recovering from depletion. Despite these dire trends, the situation is changing. Today some of the world's largest environmental groups are focused on addressing the health of marine life and oceans, while sustainable fisheries management is at the top of the agenda for intergovenmental bodies. At the forefront of these efforts is Mike Sutton, director of the Monterey Bay Aquarium's conservation program: the Center for the Future of the Oceans. The aquarium, which has long been recognized as one of the world's most important marine research facilities, is pioneering new strategies for protecting the planet's oceans. Sutton says the approach has four parts: establishing new marine protected areas, pushing for ocean policy reform, promoting sustainable seafood, and protecting wildlife and marine ecosystems.
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